Park Record Media Center

Soon after 9/11 an image showing a tourist while an airliner was about to hit the building beneath him circulated on the Internet. It was claimed that the picture came from a camera found in the debris at Ground Zero. The picture won a best 9/11 Photoshopped picture contest. SOURCE: http://www.worldsfamousphotos.com/tag/fake

July 2008: This image of an Iranian missile test appeared on the front page of the New York Times, Los Angeles Times, BBC News, Chicago Tribune, and others. The image was provided by the Iranian state media. After the publication of this photo, it was revealed that the second missile from the right is a digital clone from other parts of the image. This missile was digitally inserted to conceal a missile on the ground that did not fire. SOURCE: http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/farid/research/digitaltampering/

March 2004: This political ad for George W. Bush, as he was running for President, shows a sea of soldiers as a back drop to a child holding a flag. This image was digitally doctored by copying and pasting, from this original photograph, several soldiers to digitally remove Bush from a podium. After acknowledging that the photo had been doctored, the Bush campaign said that the ad would be re-edited and re-shipped to TV stations. SOURCE: http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/farid/research/digitaltampering/

January 2003: The original copy of the Beatles Abbey Road album cover shows Paul McCartney, third in line, holding a cigarette. United States poster companies have airbrushed this image to remove the cigarette from McCartney's hand. This change was made without the permission of either McCartney or Apple Records, which owns the rights to the image. "We have never agreed to anything like this," said an Apple spokesman. "It seems these poster companies got a little carried away. They shouldn't have done what they have, but there isn't much we can do about it now." SOURCE: http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/farid/research/digitaltampering/

A Reuters photograph of smoke rising from buildings in Beirut has been withdrawn after coming under attack by American web logs. The blogs accused Reuters of distorting the photograph to include more smoke and damage. The photograph showed two very heavy plumes of black smoke billowing from buildings in Beirut after an Air Force attack on the Lebanese capital. Reuters has since withdrawn the photograph from its website, along a message admitting that the image was distorted, and an apology to editors. SOURCE: http://www.ynetnews.com

circa 1865: In this photo by famed photographer Mathew Brady, General Sherman is seen posing with his Generals. General Francis P. Blair (far right) was added to the original photograph. SOURCE: http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/farid/research/digitaltampering/

September 1971: The German Chancellor of West Germany, Willy Brandt (far left), meets with Leonid Brezhnev (far right), First Secretary of the Communist Party. The two smoke and drink, and it is reported that the atmosphere is cordial and that they are drunk. The German press publishes a photograph that shows the champagne bottles on the table. The Soviet press, however, removed the b SOURCE: http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/farid/research/digitaltampering/ottles from the original photograph.

1968: When in the summer of 1968 Fidel Castro (right) approves of the Soviet intervention in Czechoslovakia, Carlos Franqui (middle) cuts off relations with the regime and goes into exile in Italy. His image was removed from photographs. SOURCE: http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/farid/research/digitaltampering/

October 2005: This doctored photo of Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice appeared alongside a USA Today news story about Rice's comments to U.S. Lawmakers regarding U.S. Troops in Iraq. After receiving complaints from readers, this photograph was removed from USA Today's website, and the following Editor's note appeared alongside a "properly adjusted copy": Photos published online are routinely cropped for size and adjusted for brightness and sharpness to optimize their appearance. In this case, after sharpening the photo for clarity, the editor brightened a portion of Rice's face, giving her eyes an unnatural appearance. This resulted in a distortion of the original not in keeping with our editorial standards. SOURCE: http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/farid/research/digitaltampering/

September 2006: A photograph of CBS news anchor Katie Couric was digitally altered from this original to give Couric a trimmer waistline and a thinner face. This photo appeared in CBS' in-house magazine Watch! CBS spokesman, Gil Schwartz, said the doctored image was the work of a CBS photo department employee who got a little zealous". Schwartz added, "I talked to my photo department; we had a discussion about it; I think photo understands this is not something we'd do in the future." SOURCE: http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/farid/research/digitaltampering/

April 2005: In this doctored photograph, British politicians Ed Matts, conservative candidate for Dorset South, and Ann Widdecombe, conservative candidate for Maidstone and the Weald, are shown holding a pair of signs that together read "controlled immigration -- not chaos and inhumanity". This picture appeared as part of Matts' election literature. The original photograph, however, shows the same two candidates campaigning for a Malawian family of asylum seekers to be allowed to stay in Britain. Widdecombe said she was "happy to be associated with either message". SOURCE: http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/farid/research/digitaltampering/

May 2007: In an advertisement for IMAX 3D theaters promoting the latest Harry Potter movie, the bust of actress Emma Watson was digitally enlarged. A similar advertisement in regular theaters was unaltered. Warner Brothers Pictures released a statement that said "This is not an official poster. Unfortunately this image was accidentally posted on the IMAX website. The mistake was promptly rectified and the image taken down." SOURCE: http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/farid/research/digitaltampering/

July 2008: In response to a New York Times story that suggested the FOX network’s ratings might be slipping, the co-hosts of “Fox & Friends” broadcasted photos of Times reporter Jacques Steinberg and editor Steven Reddicliffe. The photos were doctored to make the journalist appear less attractive. A FOX spokeswoman said the executive in charge of “Fox and Friends” is on vacation and not available for comment but added that altering photos for humorous effect is a common practice on cable news stations. SOURCE: http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/farid/research/digitaltampering/

1937: In this doctored photograph, Adolf Hitler had Joseph Goebbels (second from the right) removed from the original photograph. It remains unclear why exactly Goebbels fell out of favor with Hitler. SOURCE: http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/farid/research/digitaltampering/

November 2005: This digitally altered image of illustrator Clement Hurd appeared in a newly revised edition of the book "Goodnight Moon", a classic children's book written by Margaret Wise Brown and illustrated by Hurd. The publisher, HarperCollins, altered the original photograph to remove a cigarette from Hurd's hand. HarperCollins said it made the change to avoid the appearance of encouraging smoking and did so with the permission of the illustrator's estate. But Mr. Hurd's son said he felt pressured to allow it. Prior to this latest edition, the photograph of Mr. Hurd grasping a cigarette has been on the book for at least two decades. SOURCE: http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/farid/research/digitaltampering/

May 1970: This Pulitzer Prize winning photo by John Filo shows Mary Ann Vecchio screaming as she kneels over the body of student Jeffrey Miller at Kent State University, where National Guardsmen had fired into a crowd of demonstrators, killing four and wounding nine. The original photograph shows a fence post directly behind Vecchio, that was removed in the published version. SOURCE: http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/farid/research/digitaltampering/

February 2004: This digital composite of Senator John Kerry and Jane Fonda sharing a stage at an anti-war rally emerged during the 2004 Presidential primaries as Senator Kerry was campaigning for the Democratic nomination. The picture of Senator Kerry was captured by photographer Ken Light as Kerry was preparing to give a speech at the Register for Peace Rally held in Mineola, New York, in June 1971. The picture of Jane Fonda was captured by Owen Franken as Fonda was speaking at a political rally in Miami Beach, Florida, in August 1972. SOURCE: http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/farid/research/digitaltampering/

April 2003: This digital composite of a British soldier in Basra, gesturing to Iraqi civilians urging them to seek cover, appeared on the front page of the Los Angeles Times shortly after the U.S. led invasion of Iraq. Brian Walski, a staff photographer for the Los Angeles Times and a 30-year veteran of the news business, was fired after his editors discovered that he had combined two of his photographs to "improve" the composition. SOURCE: http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/farid/research/digitaltampering/

January 2008: Taiwan's newspaper Liberty Times published this doctored photo of a delegation, led by the chairman of the Franz Collection, being met by the Pope. In the original photo, Wang Shaw-lan, a publisher of competing newspaper United Daily News, was removed. A Liberty Times reporter said that she removed Wang whom she said was "not an essential presence" and in order to shrink the picture for "better display". Later, Liberty Times said that the doctored picture came from the Franz Collection, but a Franz Collection spokesman said the newspaper had asked it to airbrush out Wang. SOURCE: http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/farid/research/digitaltampering/

circa 1860: This nearly iconic portrait of U.S. President Abraham Lincoln is a composite of Lincoln's head and the Southern politician John Calhoun's body. Putting the date of this image into context, note that the first permanent photographic image was created in 1826 and the Eastman Dry Plate Company (later to become Eastman Kodak) was created in 1881. SOURCE: http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/farid/research/digitaltampering/

1936: In this doctored photograph, Mao Tse-tung (first from the right) had Po Ku (first from the left) removed from the original photograph, after Po Ku fell out of favor with Mao. SOURCE: http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/farid/research/digitaltampering/

September 1976: The so called "Gang of Four" were removed from this original photograph of a memorial ceremony for Mao Tse-Tung held at Tiananmen Square. SOURCE: http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/farid/research/digitaltampering/

April 2004: This image, which was widely circulated on the Internet, shows a U.S. Marine posing for a photo with two Iraqi children while holding a sign reading "Lcpl Boudreauk killed my Dad then he knocked up my sister". Boudreauk claims that this image was tampered with from the original, in which the sign read "Welcome Marines". A military investigation into potential wrong-doing was inconclusive. It remains unclear if this image is authentic. SOURCE: http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/farid/research/digitaltampering/

March 2005: This digital composite of Martha Stewart's head on a model's body appeared on the cover of Newsweek as Stewart was emerging from prison "thinner, wealthier and ready for prime time", as the headline reads. Newsweek disclosed the source of the cover image on Page 3 with the lines: "Cover: Photo illustration by Michael Elins ... head shot by Marc Bryan-Brown." SOURCE: http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/farid/research/digitaltampering/

December 1997: This digitally altered photograph of Kenny and Bobbi McCaughey appeared on the cover of Newsweek magazine shortly after Bobbi gave birth to septuplets. This photograph was manipulated from the original that appeared, unaltered, on the cover of Time magazine. Newsweek manipulated the photograph to make Bobbi's teeth straighter, and were accused of trying to make her "more attractive". SOURCE: http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/farid/research/digitaltampering/

November 2007: A study by Dario Sacchi, Franca Agnoli and Elizabeth Loftus, published in the journal Applied Cognitive Psychology, shows that people's memories of events can be altered by viewing doctored images. For example, when presented with doctored images of the 1989 Tiananmen Square protest participants recalled the event as larger and more violent (shown in the lower panel is the doctored image in which the crowd was added). SOURCE: http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/farid/research/digitaltampering/

1942: In order to create a more heroic portrait of himself, Benito Mussolini had the horse handler removed from the original photograph. SOURCE: http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/farid/research/digitaltampering/

July 2007: This cover of Redbook magazine shows a heavily re-touched (and thinner) image of singer and actress Faith Hill. Redbook was accused of contributing to the unattainable body image created by digital re-touching. In response, Redbook's editor in chief Stacy Morrison said, "The retouching we did on Faith Hill's photo for the July cover of Redbook is completely in line with industry standards." SOURCE: http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/farid/research/digitaltampering/

February 1982: In this National Geographic magazine cover story on Egypt, the Great Pyramids of Giza, in a horizontal picture by Gordon Gahen, were "squeezed" together to fit the magazine's vertical format. Tom Kennedy, who became the director of photography at National Geographic after the cover was manipulated, stated that "We no longer use that technology to manipulate elements in a photo simply to achieve a more compelling graphic effect. We regarded that afterwards as a mistake, and we wouldn't repeat that mistake today". SOURCE: http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/farid/research/digitaltampering/

June 1994: This digitally altered photograph of OJ Simpson appeared on the cover of Time magazine shortly after Simpson's arrest for murder. This photograph was manipulated from the original mug-shot that appeared, unaltered, on the cover of Newsweek. Time magazine was subsequently accused of manipulating the photograph to make Simpson appear "darker" and "menacing". SOURCE: http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/farid/research/digitaltampering/

circa 1930: Stalin routinely air-brushed his enemies out of photographs. In this photograph a commissar was removed from the original photograph after falling out of favor with Stalin. SOURCE: http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/farid/research/digitaltampering/stalin1+2.jpg

April 2007: The New York Times published this digitally altered photograph. In a correction, the Times' editor said "The wood siding at the far left of the building was out of alignment because the picture was retouched by a Times staff member who took the picture, but who is not a staff photographer. He altered it because a flash created a white spot on the picture when he shot it through the window of a train. Also, the retouching tool left a round circle on the building's window at the right". The Editor's note concludes with "Times policy forbids the manipulation of any photograph. Had editors been aware of the manipulation and seen the original picture, they would have either published the picture with the blemish or not used it." SOURCE: http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/farid/research/digitaltampering/

1950: It is believed that this doctored photograph contributed to Senator Millard Tydings' electoral defeat in 1950. The photo of Tydings (right) conversing with Earl Browder (left), a leader of the American Communist party, was meant to suggest that Tydings had communist sympathies. SOURCE: http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/farid/research/digitaltampering/

September 2000: Hoping to illustrate its diverse enrollment, the University of Wisconsin at Madison doctored a photograph on a brochure cover by digitally inserting a black student in a crowd of white football fans. The original photograph of white fans was taken in 1993. The additional black student, senior Diallo Shabazz, was taken in 1994. University officials said that they spent the summer looking for pictures that would show the school's diversity -- but had no luck. SOURCE: http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/farid/research/digitaltampering/

This combination of two images shows a widely distributed image (L) on the Internet on May 2, 2011 of what Pakistani television described as an unconfirmed image of Osama bin Laden's bloodied face after the United States said he had been killed, and one (at R) which is a horizontally inverted undated archive picture of the Al-Qaida leader. This combination of images clearly show that the beard and the lower part of the image was most probably cloned and pasted on the image of a body that doesn't belong to bin Laden, making the picture on the left a fake. Bin Laden was killed in a highly sensitive intelligence operation in the suburbs of Abbottabad, 50 kms (30 miles) northwest of the Pakistani capital Islamabad, it was announced on May 2, 2011. HO/AFP/Getty Images ( PAKISTAN-US-ATTACKS-BIN LADEN-MEDIA-COMBO )

January 2003: This cover of GQ magazine featured a digitally slimmed actress Kate Winslet. Winslet said that the retouching was "excessive." "I don't look like that and more importantly I don't desire to look like that. I can tell you that they've reduced the size of my legs by about a third", said Winslet. SOURCE: http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/farid/research/digitaltampering/

January 2008: This magazine cover featuring pop star Britney Spears is a composite of her head and a model's body. The magazine cover states "Truthiness Alert: This cover image is a composite photo. Britney did not pose for this picture. That, sadly, is not her body." SOURCE: http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/farid/research/digitaltampering/

A photograph of President Barack Obama and his staff watching the operation that killed Osama bin Laden that was digitally altered to remove Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and Counterterrorism Director Audrey Tomason is shown in last week's edition of the Brooklyn weekly Di Tzeitung, Monday May 9, 2011. The Orthodox Jewish newspaper has apologized for digitally altering the photo, saying that its photo editor had not read the "fine print" accompanying the White House photo that forbade any changes. (AP Photo/Seth Wenig)

This is a copy of the Aug. 26, Sept 1, 1989 issue of TV guide, figuring Oprah Winfrey's face Superimposed on actress Ann -Margret's classic hourglass figure. The illustration is not identified as a composite. TV guide said Monday that unsuspecting readers might think it's a real photograph. (AP Photo/Nick Ut) ( TV Guide Composite )